{"id":54756,"date":"2020-01-22T05:38:36","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T03:38:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tautastribunals.eu\/?p=54756"},"modified":"2020-01-22T05:38:36","modified_gmt":"2020-01-22T03:38:36","slug":"juris-dzelme-esejas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tautastribunals.eu\/?p=54756","title":{"rendered":"Juris Dzelme. Esejas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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K\u0101 (un k\u0101p\u0113c!) veidot dz\u012bvi Latvij\u0101<\/em> <\/strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(P\u0101rdomu apkopojums)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juris\nDzelme<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101da \u201clabkl\u0101j\u012bba\u201d mums vajadz\u012bga? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Valsts)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            (Ne)k\u0101rt\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Cilv\u0113ka\ndabai piem\u012bt pretrun\u012bgas tieksmes – p\u0113c br\u012bv\u012bbas un p\u0113c k\u0101rt\u012bbas, p\u0113c iesp\u0113ju,\ndaudzveid\u012bbas palielin\u0101\u0161anas un p\u0113c noteikt\u012bbas, stabilit\u0101tes. Piln\u012bga br\u012bv\u012bba\n(haoss) un ide\u0101la k\u0101rt\u012bba (miers) nav iesp\u0113jami, jo sevi\u0161\u0137i vienlaic\u012bgi, bet\n\u0161\u012bs tieksmes sacen\u0161as un pasaule, sabiedr\u012bba sv\u0101rst\u0101s starp gal\u0113j\u012bb\u0101m. Jo\nmaz\u0101ka sv\u0101rst\u012bbu amplit\u016bda, jo viegl\u0101k un veiksm\u012bg\u0101k p\u0101rdz\u012bvot sv\u0101rst\u012bbas. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            No\nvisai stingras (vismaz \u0101r\u0113ji) un \u013caunas \u201cpadomju\u201d (PSRS) k\u0101rt\u012bbas Latvijai\nizdev\u0101s atbr\u012bvoties  pirms 28 gadiem un\nstrauji palielin\u0101t br\u012bv\u012bbu, pirmk\u0101rt tirgus br\u012bv\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r \u201cbr\u012bvais tirgus\u201d\nnenes gaid\u012bto laimi nospiedo\u0161am vair\u0101kumam Latvij\u0101. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Kop\u0161\nLatvijas neatkar\u012bbas atjauno\u0161anas Latvijas br\u012bv\u0101s, demokr\u0101tisk\u0101s (it k\u0101) varas\np\u0101rst\u0101vji m\u0113\u0123ina tautai iest\u0101st\u012bt, ka nemit\u012bgi r\u016bp\u0113jas par labkl\u0101j\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r te\nir vismaz divas probl\u0113mas. Vispirms, ja ar labkl\u0101j\u012bbu m\u0113\u0123ina saprast tikai pa\u0161u\nminim\u0101l\u0101ko, tas ir – fiziolo\u0123isko vajadz\u012bbu apmierin\u0101\u0161anu (p\u0101rtiku un pajumti),\ntad, atst\u0101jot nov\u0101rt\u0101 p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s pamatvajadz\u012bbas, nekas neizn\u0101k ar\u012b ar minim\u0101lo,\nk\u0101 to pieredze jau pier\u0101da. Otrk\u0101rt, varas p\u0101rst\u0101vji, r\u016bp\u0113joties par\nlabkl\u0101j\u012bbu, p\u0101rsvar\u0101 s\u0101k ar sevi, ar savu person\u012bgo materi\u0101lo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu\n(da\u013c\u0113ji savu gar\u012bgo vajadz\u012bbu neapzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s rezult\u0101t\u0101) un liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca pie t\u0101\nar\u012b apst\u0101jas, t\u0101l\u0101k netiek. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u201cLabkl\u0101j\u012bbas\nvalsts\u201d, par kuru run\u0101 Latvijas politi\u0137i, sola dot tikai pa\u0161u vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101ko \u2013\nvalsts iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju  materi\u0101lo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu.\nSol\u012bjumi tiek doti pirms v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101m, bet p\u0113c t\u0101m parasti tiek aizmirsti. Bet\npasaule ir saist\u012bta, viss ir sasaist\u012bts \u2013 p\u0113d\u0113jais laiks ar\u012b varai l\u012bdz tam\naizdom\u0101ties. Bez izpratnes par sav\u0101m un savas tautas gar\u012bgaj\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m,\nnekas neizn\u0101k ne ar savu, ne tautas, ne materi\u0101lo, ne gar\u012bgo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu, jo\nvisas vajadz\u012bbas ir nesaraujami saist\u012btas. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juris Dzelme<\/em>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u012bga, 04.04.19. – 04.05.19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai dz\u012bvei ir m\u0113r\u0137is<\/em>? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u201cJ\u0113ga<\/em>\u201d)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Sa)saist\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Latvijas\ntautai un valstij, t\u0101pat k\u0101 liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai pasaules valstu, ir j\u0101risina 3\ngalveno uzdevumu grupas savu iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju pamatvajadz\u012bbu apmierin\u0101\u0161anai: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) nodro\u0161in\u0101t katram cilv\u0113kam iesp\u0113ju ieg\u016bt izpratni\npar savu vietu pasaul\u0113, par dz\u012bves j\u0113gu un m\u0113r\u0137i, par attiec\u012bb\u0101m ar savu\napk\u0101rtni, ar saviem tuv\u0101kajiem (\u0123imeni, draugiem, pazi\u0146\u0101m) un ar savu tautu\n(pamatvajadz\u012bbu p\u0113c pieder\u012bbas, atz\u012b\u0161anas, pa\u0161realiz\u0101cijas<\/em> un transcendences<\/em>\napmierin\u0101\u0161ana jeb gar\u012bg\u0101s labkl\u0101j\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) atbilsto\u0161i tradicion\u0101lajai katr\u0101 valst\u012b izpratnei\npar attiec\u012bb\u0101m ar savu apk\u0101rtni, tuv\u0101kajiem cilv\u0113kiem un savu tautu nodro\u0161in\u0101t taisn\u012bgumu\ncilv\u0113ku attiec\u012bb\u0101s, str\u012bdu un domstarp\u012bbu sapr\u0101t\u012bgu p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anu, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 gan\natsevi\u0161\u0137u cilv\u0113ku, gan da\u017e\u0101du, liel\u0101ku un maz\u0101ku, stabilu un \u012bslaic\u012bgu grupu\nintereses, vajadz\u012bbas un iesp\u0113jas (pamatvajadz\u012bbas p\u0113c dro\u0161\u012bbas<\/em>\napmierin\u0101\u0161ana);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) katram tautas p\u0101rst\u0101vim, katram valsts iedz\u012bvot\u0101jam\nnodro\u0161in\u0101t p\u0101rtiku un pajumti (materi\u0101lo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu, fiziolo\u0123isko<\/em>\npamatvajadz\u012bbu apmierin\u0101\u0161anu). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Visas\n6 pamatvajadz\u012bbas, kuras konsekventi apspriestas A.Maslova darbos (\u201cMaslova\npiram\u012bda<\/em>\u201d) ir savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012btas un to apmierin\u0101\u0161anas uzdevumi j\u0101risina\nkop\u0101, saska\u0146oti, pl\u0101nojot un \u012bstenojot pak\u0101penisku, saska\u0146otu, evolucion\u0101ru\n(p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas vienm\u0113r\u012bgu) p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bbu kopu. Materi\u0101l\u0101 labkl\u0101j\u012bba pie tam nav iesp\u0113jama\nbez gar\u012bg\u0101s labkl\u0101j\u012bbas un otr\u0101di. Nav iesp\u0113jams apst\u0101ties un sastingt m\u016b\u017e\u012bgas\nlaimes st\u0101vokl\u012b, \u201cnirv\u0101n\u0101\u201d, aizb\u0113gt no materi\u0101l\u0101s pasaules, bet nevar ar\u012b\niegrimt nep\u0101rtrauktu p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bbu haos\u0101, \u201csansar\u0101\u201d, cerot tur atrast m\u0113r\u0137i,\napmierin\u0101jumu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Bez)atbild\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Dabas\nnoteikt\u0101 tiek\u0161an\u0101s uz saglab\u0101\u0161anos, izdz\u012bvo\u0161anu virza uz mieru, uz stabilit\u0101ti,\nuz materi\u0101lo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu. Laiku pa laikam tom\u0113r neizb\u0113gami<\/em> rodas\nnovirzes no l\u012bdzsvara, da\u017e\u0101du nekontrol\u0113jamu gad\u012bjuma procesu, tai skait\u0101\np\u0101rvald\u012bbas nepiln\u012bbu un k\u013c\u016bdu, d\u0113\u013c. Ja novirzes un neatrisin\u0101tas probl\u0113mas\nuzkr\u0101jas, tad rodas vajadz\u012bba p\u0113c atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m, relat\u012bvi strauj\u0101k\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m,\nreform\u0101m un revol\u016bcij\u0101m. Sabiedr\u012bbas un t\u0101s p\u0101rst\u0101vju uzdevums ir p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas\nsamazin\u0101t izmai\u0146u negaid\u012bt\u012bbu, straujumu un s\u0101p\u012bgumu, sagatavojoties\np\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m savlaic\u012bgi un pak\u0101peniski, kr\u0101jot zin\u0101\u0161anas par apk\u0101rtni un\nsevi, apsprie\u017eot m\u0113r\u0137us, iesp\u0113jam\u0101s probl\u0113mas, uzdevumus un to risin\u0101jumus\nar visiem ieinteres\u0113tajiem. Probl\u0113mas priorit\u0101ri j\u0101izzina un j\u0101risina vispirms\nideju, zin\u0101\u0161anu pasaul\u0113, nevis j\u0101gaida, kam\u0113r k\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s, parasti diezgan viegli\nprognoz\u0113jam\u0101s nepatik\u0161anas uzkr\u012bt \u201ck\u0101 sniegs uz galvas\u201d un j\u0101s\u0101k steidz\u012bgi\ntais\u012bt reformas un\/vai revol\u016bcijas (ja relat\u012bvi \u201cnes\u0101p\u012bg\u0101ku\u201d reformu iesp\u0113jas\nizr\u0101d\u0101s jau palaistas gar\u0101m, \u201cnogul\u0113tas\u201d). J\u0101prot savlaic\u012bgi m\u0101c\u012bties no\nk\u013c\u016bd\u0101m, v\u0113lams sve\u0161\u0101m, nevis sav\u0101m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Latvijas\nvalsts pa\u0161laik \u0161os, it k\u0101 ac\u012bmredzami nepiecie\u0161amos, uzdevumus pild\u012bt nesp\u0113j.\nNo \u0101rpuses uzspiest\u0101 br\u012bv\u0101 tirgus kundz\u012bba, globaliz\u0101cija, visat\u013caut\u012bba,\nindividu\u0101lisms un egoisms grauj valsts past\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas pamatus, virza uz\nvisat\u013caut\u012bbu, izvirt\u012bbu, alkat\u012bbu un bezatbild\u012bbu. Mantk\u0101r\u012bba apsl\u0101p\u0113\npatriotismu un tieksmi uz zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m, nom\u0101c tieksmi uz savu trad\u012bciju, savas\nzemes un tautas saglab\u0101\u0161anu un uzplaukumu. Zin\u0101tne, m\u0101ksla, kult\u016bra atst\u0101tas\nnov\u0101rt\u0101, uzvar visprimit\u012bv\u0101k\u0101, piezem\u0113t\u0101 materi\u0101l\u0101s labkl\u0101j\u012bbas izpratne k\u0101 bag\u0101t\u012bbas\nun varas negaus\u012bga vairo\u0161ana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            R\u016bpes\npar m\u0101kslu, kult\u016bru, par patriotismu un Dzimtenes m\u012blest\u012bbu daudziem politi\u0137iem\nir v\u0101ji saprotamas un kalpo tikai priek\u0161v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu sol\u012bjumu \u201cbu\u0137etes\u201d\nizskaistin\u0101\u0161anai. Tom\u0113r tie\u0161i zin\u0101\u0161anas un idejas virza izmai\u0146as un valda p\u0101r\npasauli. Kas to nesaprot, \u0101tri zaud\u0113, jo, ja nav intereses par idej\u0101m, par\npasauli, nav motiv\u0101cijas kop\u012bgi, draudz\u012bgi darboties, p\u0101rvarot gr\u016bt\u012bbas, nav\nv\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s mekl\u0113t risin\u0101jumus, tad da\u017e\u0101di apdraud\u0113jumi, str\u012bdi un nesaska\u0146as \u0146em\nvirsroku un labkl\u0101j\u012bba, pat ja ir izdevies to uz \u012bsu br\u012bdi sasniegt, strauji\nz\u016bd. \u201cPast\u0101v\u0113s, kas p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bsies.\u201d (Rainis) \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ne)valstiskums<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Sp\u0113ju\nm\u0101c\u012bties, sp\u0113ju tikt gal\u0101 ar sevi, ar sav\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m var nodro\u0161in\u0101t tikai\nnep\u0101rtraukta interese par notieko\u0161o visapk\u0101rt, sav\u0101s m\u0101j\u0101s un pasaul\u0113, sp\u0113ja\nizzin\u0101t notikumus un izprast to j\u0113gu. Galvenie \u201cinstrumenti\u201d dz\u012bves izpratnei\nun virz\u012b\u0161anai labv\u0113l\u012bg\u0101 gultn\u0113 ir zin\u0101\u0161anu ieg\u016b\u0161ana (m\u016bsdien\u0101s galvenok\u0101rt ar\nvair\u0101k vai maz\u0101k formaliz\u0113tas zin\u0101tnes pal\u012bdz\u012bbu), to  sist\u0113misks apkopojums (abstrakts, lo\u0123isks ar\nfilozofiju vai uzskat\u0101ms, t\u0113lains ar m\u0101kslu), izplat\u012b\u0161ana ar izgl\u012bt\u012bbas pal\u012bdz\u012bbu\nun dal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s, apsprie\u0161ana ar citiem, mekl\u0113jot kop\u012bgas atbildes uz arvien\nsare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kajiem jaut\u0101jumiem. Vienatn\u0113 cilv\u0113ks nevar  veiksm\u012bgi atrisin\u0101t arvien gr\u016bt\u0101kos pasaules\nizzi\u0146as un sabiedr\u012bbas pilnveido\u0161anas uzdevumus. \u201cIkvienam ir roka j\u0101pieliek,\nlai lielais darbs uz priek\u0161u tiek.\u201d (Rainis) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Katrai\ntautai un ar\u012b t\u0101s noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101k\u0101m da\u013c\u0101m, grup\u0101m (pils\u0113t\u0101s, ciemos, pa\u0161vald\u012bb\u0101s,\narodbiedr\u012bb\u0101s, nevalstisk\u0101s organiz\u0101cij\u0101s u.tml. kop\u0101s apvienotiem\niedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem) j\u0101atrod p\u0101rst\u0101vji, eksperti, speci\u0101listi, \u201cgudrie\u201d visu noz\u012bm\u012bgo\nuzdevumu risin\u0101\u0161anai, starp kuriem svar\u012bg\u0101kie ir apk\u0101rt notieko\u0161\u0101 izpratne\n(izmantojot zin\u0101tni<\/strong>, m\u0101kslu, filozofiju) un pareizu, notikumus\napsteidzo\u0161u l\u0113mumu (politisku, organizatorisku un tehnolo\u0123isku) pie\u0146em\u0161ana un\nsavlaic\u012bga \u012bsteno\u0161ana (pla\u0161i inform\u0113jot (diskut\u0113jot gan tie\u0161i, person\u012bgi\nkontakt\u0113joties, gan ar mediju pal\u012bdz\u012bbu un virtu\u0101laj\u0101 telp\u0101) un nopietni\np\u0101rliecinot (ar m\u0101kslas pal\u012bdz\u012bbu) par pas\u0101kumu vajadz\u012bbu.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juris Dzelme<\/em>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u012bga, 20.01.20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101p\u0113c vajadz\u012bga ideolo\u0123ija, m\u0101ksla un filozofija?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ener\u0123ija <\/em>un inform\u0101cija <\/em>evol\u016bcijai)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Pa\u0161)realiz\u0101cija<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            K\u0101\np\u0101rvar\u0113t  \u201calkat\u012bbu un bezatbild\u012bbu\u201d,\nkas, p\u0113c eksprezidenta Andra B\u0113rzi\u0146a izteikumiem, draud Latvijai? Ko dar\u012bt, lai\nsabalans\u0113tu tieksmi p\u0113c gar\u012bg\u0101s labkl\u0101j\u012bbas, pa\u0161realiz\u0101cijas<\/em> un transcendences<\/em>\nar cen\u0161anos sasniegt primit\u012bvu materi\u0101lo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu? Vai ir izeja no pretrun\u0101m\nstarp gar\u012bgo un materi\u0101lo? Vai ir risin\u0101jumi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            J\u0101s\u0101k\nar idej\u0101m, j\u0101turpina ar k\u0101rt\u012bbu un p\u0101rvaldi, j\u0101nodro\u0161ina visu, nevis tikai\nprimit\u012bv\u0101ko,  pamatvajadz\u012bbu\napmierin\u0101\u0161ana, \u012bpa\u0161i r\u016bp\u0113joties par zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m un gar\u012bgumu. J\u0101turpina 1. un 2.\natmodas laik\u0101 uzs\u0101kt\u0101 un 3. atmodas laik\u0101 turpin\u0101t\u0101 tautas trad\u012bciju valstiska\nkop\u0161ana, tom\u0113r ar to vien nepietiek. Sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti politiski un tehnolo\u0123iski\nprocesi prasa skaidrojumus, kurus nevar atrast vienatn\u0113 un kurus nesp\u0113j dot\ntrad\u012bcijas vai reli\u0123ija. Eksakt\u0101s zin\u0101tnes (fizika, \u0137\u012bmija, biolo\u0123ija) dod\npamatu vajadz\u012bgo zin\u0101\u0161anu ieg\u016b\u0161anai, bet uz \u0161\u012bm zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m balst\u012btu pasaules\nizpratni veido filozofija un  humanit\u0101r\u0101s\nzin\u0101tnes (v\u0113sture, lingvistika, filolo\u0123ija) un padara saprotamu un\nsubjekt\u012bvi pie\u0146emamu m\u0101ksla. Sabiedr\u012bbai ar valsts pal\u012bdz\u012bbu j\u0101atrod\npiem\u0113rot\u0101kais, ar tautas vajadz\u012bb\u0101m saska\u0146otais zin\u0101tnes sasniegumu ieg\u016b\u0161anas,\napkopo\u0161anas  un izmanto\u0161anas<\/em> ce\u013c\u0161.\nZin\u0101\u0161anu pieejam\u012bba un izplat\u012b\u0161ana j\u0101atbalsta pietiekami efekt\u012bvi,\nnepa\u013caujoties uz vien\u012bgo \u201cpareizo\u201d atbildi, r\u016bp\u0113joties par alternat\u012bvu variantu\nmekl\u0113\u0161anu, izskat\u012b\u0161anu,sal\u012bdzin\u0101\u0161anu, \u012bstaj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b kori\u0123\u0113jot un uzlabojot\npamatpie\u0146\u0113mumus. J\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 dab\u0101, sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 un cilv\u0113ka apzi\u0146\u0101 notieko\u0161o\nprocesu daudzveid\u012bba, pretrun\u012bgums, nejau\u0161\u012bbu nenov\u0113r\u0161am\u0101 kl\u0101tb\u016btne.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ne)stabilit\u0101te<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Visa\ndz\u012bv\u0101 past\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas pamat\u0101 ir main\u012bgs (nep\u0101rtraukti oscil\u0113jo\u0161s<\/em>)\nl\u012bdzsvars:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

starp ener\u0123ijas uzkr\u0101\u0161anu<\/em> un inform\u0101cijas\nmekl\u0113\u0161anu un ieg\u016b\u0161anu; <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

starp k\u0101rt\u012bbu un haosu, mieru un kust\u012bbu, stabilit\u0101ti\nun p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

starp diktat\u016bru un demokr\u0101tiju, monarhiju un anarhiju;\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

starp individu\u0101lismu un kolekt\u012bvismu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Stabilit\u0101te,\nmiers, resursu, pirmk\u0101rt, ener\u0123ijas<\/em>, pas\u012bva uzkr\u0101\u0161ana vienlaic\u012bgi\nnoved pie pak\u0101peniskas inform\u0101cijas zaud\u0113\u0161anas nek\u0101rt\u012bbas (un entropijas k\u0101\nnek\u0101rt\u012bbas m\u0113ra) nep\u0101rtrauktas aug\u0161anas d\u0113\u013c (2.termodinamikas likums)). Inform\u0101cijas<\/em>,\nzin\u0101\u0161anu akt\u012bva mekl\u0113\u0161ana, t\u0113r\u0113jot uzkr\u0101tos ener\u0123ijas un citus materi\u0101los\nresursus dod iesp\u0113ju atrast materi\u0101lo resursu atjauno\u0161anas un nek\u0101rt\u012bbas, entropijas\nlok\u0101las samazin\u0101\u0161anas ce\u013cus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Subjekt\u012bv\u0101\nlaimes izpratne, atspogu\u013cojot objekt\u012bv\u0101s pretrunas starp mieru un kust\u012bbu,  ir pretrun\u012bga, mekl\u0113jot main\u012bgo l\u012bdzsvaru\nstarp uz stabilit\u0101ti, mieru, pasivit\u0101ti, apst\u0101\u0161anos, ener\u0123ijas uzkr\u0101\u0161anu<\/em>\nvirzo\u0161o baudu<\/em> un uz kust\u012bbu, aktivit\u0101ti, sasniegumiem, uzvar\u0101m, inform\u0101cijas\nieg\u016b\u0161anu<\/em> virzo\u0161o prieku<\/em>. L\u012bdzsvars nekad nav prec\u012bzs, notiek\nsv\u0101rst\u012bbas starp pretpoliem (mieru un kust\u012bbu, baudu un prieku), kuru amplit\u016bdu\nj\u0101regul\u0113 un j\u0101ierobe\u017eo ar gudru vad\u012bbu, nov\u0113r\u0161ot gal\u0113j\u012bbas \u2013 sastingumu un\nhaosu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Par\npasauli pieejam\u0101s inform\u0101cijas pieaugo\u0161\u0101 sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bba arvien vair\u0101k spie\u017e\nieviest inform\u0101cijas un zin\u0101\u0161anu ieg\u016b\u0161anas \u201cdarba\u201d dal\u012b\u0161anu, pa\u013cauties uz\nekspertu, speci\u0101listu viedok\u013ciem, uztic\u0113ties citu, \u201csve\u0161iem\u201d spriedumiem, jo\ntikai \u013coti nelielu da\u013cu objekt\u012bvi eksist\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s inform\u0101cijas var p\u0101rbaud\u012bt\nperson\u012bgi pirms p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161anas par \u201csav\u0101m\u201d subjekt\u012bvaj\u0101m zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m, iek\u013caujot sav\u0101\nuzskatu sist\u0113m\u0101, sav\u0101 pasaules un sabiedr\u012bbas model\u012b. Sabiedr\u012bbai, valstij ir\nj\u0101veido nep\u0101rtraukti, visu m\u016b\u017eu darbojo\u0161\u0101s zin\u0101\u0161anu ieg\u016b\u0161anas un uzkr\u0101\u0161anas\nsist\u0113ma, kura \u013cauj atsij\u0101t k\u013c\u016bdaino, at\u013cauj p\u0101rbaud\u012bt \u0161aub\u012bgo, atrast\n\u201cuzticamus\u201d inform\u0101cijas avotus un nemit\u012bgi papildin\u0101t un atjaunot\nzin\u0101\u0161anas.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Uz)tic\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Uztic\u012bba<\/em>,\npieaugot darba dal\u012b\u0161anai, specializ\u0101cijai, k\u013c\u016bst vado\u0161ais mot\u012bvs valstij un\nsabiedr\u012bbai, bet izpratne par \u0161o arvien pieaugo\u0161o probl\u0113mu ir nepietiekama vis\u0101\npasaul\u0113. Zin\u0101\u0161anu un uztic\u012bbas (zin\u0101\u0161anu avotiem) tr\u016bkums ir ar\u012b Latvijas\nvalsts probl\u0113mu pamat\u0101. Liber\u0101lisms pied\u0101v\u0101 pa\u0161u primit\u012bv\u0101ko risin\u0101jumu \u2013 katrs\npar sevi, katrs ir \u201cbr\u012bvs\u201d, ko atrod, to \u0146em par labu. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 \u2013 bezatbild\u012bba\nun alkat\u012bba, orient\u0101cija uz haotisku, \u201cgad\u012bjuma\u201d inform\u0101ciju, kuru \u201cg\u0101d\u012bgi\u201d\npiesp\u0113l\u0113 uz \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s kontroles ievie\u0161anu ieinteres\u0113ti pseido \u201cc\u012bn\u012bt\u0101ji\u201d par\nbr\u012bv\u012bbu un visat\u013caut\u012bbu un\/vai pe\u013c\u0146as (ne\u0161\u0137irojot l\u012bdzek\u013cus) t\u012bkot\u0101ji.\n(Atsevi\u0161\u0137a nopietna probl\u0113ma ir da\u017e\u0101du pseidozin\u0101tnisku teoriju par ener\u0123ijas\nun inform\u0101cijas  \u201claukiem\u201d, jaunu\nreli\u0123isku un kvazireli\u0123isku sektu izplat\u012bba, kuras parazit\u0113 uz zin\u0101tniski\npamatotu zin\u0101\u0161anu tr\u016bkuma r\u0113\u0137ina.) Aicin\u0101jumi atmest visus ierobe\u017eojumus,\nprimit\u012bvie sauk\u013ci, t\u0101di k\u0101:  \u201cNojaukt\nvisus \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus!\u201d, \u201cBr\u012bv\u012bbu tieksm\u0113m izpausties!\u201d, \u201c\u013bausim katram pa\u0161am\nizv\u0113l\u0113ties \u2013 tic\u012bbu, valodu, dzimteni, dzimumu utt.!\u201d;  p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as par kalpo\u0161anu anarhijai, haosam, no\n\u0101rpuses vad\u012btai \u201csmadze\u0146u skalo\u0161anai\u201d, jo pazaud\u0113jot sp\u0113ju orient\u0113ties\ninform\u0101cijas \u201cj\u016br\u0101\u201d, pazaud\u0113jot uztic\u012bbu un tic\u012bbu, \u201cbr\u012bvais\u201d indiv\u012bds non\u0101k\ngad\u012bjuma zi\u0146u, primit\u012bvu aizspriedumu, saskald\u012btu, fragment\u0101ru, \u201cpostmodernu\u201d\nideju un \u0101rdo\u0161\u0101s postmodernisma m\u0101kslas verdz\u012bb\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Cilv\u0113ki\nmekl\u0113 atbalstu, gl\u0101bi\u0146u no augo\u0161\u0101s nedro\u0161\u012bbas un bail\u0113m, apvienojas da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s\ngrup\u0101s, sekt\u0101s, \u201ctusi\u0146os\u201d, m\u0113\u0123inot tikt gal\u0101 ar pieaugo\u0161o nenoteikt\u012bbu,\nneskaidr\u012bbu, neizpratni par notieko\u0161o. Daudzi grie\u017eas pie reli\u0123ijas, pie\ntradicion\u0101laj\u0101m (\u201cvecaj\u0101m\u201d) konfesij\u0101m un bazn\u012bc\u0101m (kato\u013ci, luter\u0101\u0146i, baptisti,\npareiztic\u012bgie, budisti) vai pie \u201cjaunaj\u0101m\u201d (19.gs. un v\u0113l\u0101k\u0101m) sekt\u0101m, kultiem\n(mormo\u0146i, \u201cJaun\u0101 paaudze\u201d, kri\u0161na\u012bti, saentologi utt.). Reli\u0123ijas, bazn\u012bcas,\nkulti un sektas ir \u013coti daudzveid\u012bgi, nep\u0101rtraukti main\u0101s un sv\u0101rst\u0101s starp\nliber\u0101lismu un konservat\u012bvismu, bet vienojo\u0161ais visiem reli\u0123iskajiem un\nkvazireli\u0123iskajiem, tic\u012bb\u0101 balst\u012btajiem pasaules uzskata variantiem, ieskaitot\nkomunismu, ir dogmatisms, nemain\u012bgu, m\u016b\u017e\u012bgu, absol\u016btu paties\u012bbu\neksistences atz\u012b\u0161ana un seko\u0161ana nemald\u012bgiem \u201cm\u0101c\u012bt\u0101jiem\u201d (no Mozus l\u012bdz\nMarksam). (Praks\u0113 gan visu reli\u0123iju un kvazireli\u0123isko tic\u012bbu sekot\u0101ji ir\nspiesti kori\u0123\u0113t savas \u201cm\u016b\u017e\u012bg\u0101s\u201d paties\u012bbas, pieska\u0146ojot main\u012bgajiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem,\nbet turpina savas dogmas saukt par absol\u016bt\u0101m.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Bez)gal\u012bgums <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Faktiski\njebkura absol\u016bta, nemain\u012bga, m\u016b\u017e\u012bga, \u201cide\u0101la\u201d objekta eksistences atz\u012b\u0161ana, tai\nskait\u0101 re\u0101las bezgal\u012bbas, ar\u012b bezgal\u012bgi mazu objektu (ide\u0101ls, bezgal\u012bgi mazs\npunkts, bezgal\u012bgi tieva taisne, bezgal\u012bgi pl\u0101na plakne) atz\u012b\u0161ana, ved uz\nnekritisku \u201cm\u016b\u017e\u012bgo\u201d paties\u012bbu atz\u012b\u0161anu. Tic\u012bba p\u0101rdabiskajiem sp\u0113kiem ir\nlo\u0123iski vienota ar tic\u012bbu bezgal\u012bgi lielu un\/vai bezgal\u012bgi mazu objektu\neksistencei. Visa m\u016bsu pieredze ir gal\u012bga, ierobe\u017eota laik\u0101 un telp\u0101 gan\nlielajos, gan mazajos att\u0101lumos un laika interv\u0101los, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c ar lo\u0123iku un\nzin\u0101tniskiem eksperimentiem gal\u012bg\u0101, telp\u0101 un laik\u0101 ierobe\u017eot\u0101 pasaul\u0113\np\u0101rdabisku sp\u0113ku un \u201cbr\u012bnumu\u201d eksistenci nevar ne stingri pier\u0101d\u012bt, ne\nstingri noliegt. \u201cAbsol\u016bt\u0101s paties\u012bbas\u201d, kuras nekad nav pier\u0101d\u0101mas, tiek\npie\u0146emtas apriori, k\u0101 postul\u0101ti, bet bez t\u0101m var iztikt<\/em>. Visa\ncilv\u0113ces v\u0113sture r\u0101da, ka dogmas, \u201cabsol\u016bt\u0101s paties\u012bbas\u201d tiek main\u012btas,\nsist\u0113mas tiek p\u0101rskat\u012btas da\u013c\u0113ji vai piln\u012bb\u0101 (ko k\u0101dreiz agr\u0101k noliedza un par\nko sod\u012bja, to v\u0113l\u0101k atz\u012bst par patiesu un otr\u0101di). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u201cAbsol\u016bto\npaties\u012bbu\u201d ap\u0161aub\u012b\u0161ana un noraid\u012b\u0161ana rada tieksmi noliegt jebkuru paties\u012bbu.\nAtteik\u0161an\u0101s no pieredzes, trad\u012bcij\u0101m, no norm\u0101m un k\u0101rt\u012bbas, no lo\u0123ikas rada\ncilv\u0113ku un sabiedr\u012bbas eksistencei v\u0113l liel\u0101kus draudus k\u0101 dogmatisms,\nsastingums, \u201cstagn\u0101cija\u201d. Haoss, sasteigtas, nep\u0101rdom\u0101tas reformas un, jo\nsevi\u0161\u0137i, revolucion\u0101ras izmai\u0146as un \u012bstas revol\u016bcijas, kuras ap\u0161auba un m\u0113\u0123ina\ng\u0101zt visas autorit\u0101tes, main\u012bt k\u0101rt\u012bbu, ir visb\u012bstam\u0101k\u0101s p\u0101rejas br\u012bd\u012b, kad\nvec\u0101 k\u0101rt\u012bba vairs nedarbojas, bet jaunas v\u0113l nav un b\u016btiski palielin\u0101s\natsevi\u0161\u0137u cilv\u0113ku un grupu patva\u013ca. P\u0101rejas posm\u0101 strauji pieaugo\u0161ais\nindividu\u0101lisms un visat\u013caut\u012bba parasti rada liel\u0101kus draudus eksistencei,\nilgtsp\u0113jai k\u0101 konservat\u012bvisms un dogmatisms. Bez izmai\u0146\u0101m un p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m\npast\u0101v\u0113t tom\u0113r nav iesp\u0113jams, t\u0101p\u0113c sabiedr\u012bbai j\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas par izmai\u0146u\npak\u0101peniskumu, nep\u0101rtrauktas evol\u016bcijas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu gan gara, ideju,\nm\u0101kslas un zin\u0101tnes pasaul\u0113, gan materi\u0101laj\u0101, resursu, ra\u017eo\u0161anas un\ntehnolo\u0123iju pasaul\u0113. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ideo)lo\u0123iskums<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Valstij\nun sabiedr\u012bbai akt\u012bvi j\u0101atbalsta past\u0101vo\u0161\u0101s k\u0101rt\u012bbas un pie\u0146emto principu\niev\u0113ro\u0161anu, j\u0101nodro\u0161ina atbalstu varai, t\u0101s le\u0123itimit\u0101tei, izmantojot vair\u0101k\nvai maz\u0101k formaliz\u0113tu ideolo\u0123iju. Ja k\u0101da valsts pasludina neiejauk\u0161anos\nideolo\u0123ij\u0101, tad tas ir tikai apm\u0101ns, izlik\u0161an\u0101s, t\u0101pat k\u0101 piln\u012bga person\u012bbas\nbr\u012bv\u012bba dar\u012bt jebko (kas nekad nevar praktiski realiz\u0113ties) ir tikai liber\u0101l\u0101s\nideolo\u0123ijas rad\u012bts kait\u012bgs lozungs, br\u012bv\u012bbas gal\u0113jais, radik\u0101lais,\nnepie\u013caujamais variants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Valsts\nLatvij\u0101 un daudz kur citur ir atdal\u012bta no bazn\u012bcas, bet valsts nedr\u012bkst b\u016bt\natdal\u012bta no mor\u0101les  k\u0101 noteiktu\nsabiedr\u012bbas past\u0101v\u0113\u0161anai nepiecie\u0161amu uzved\u012bbas normu apkopojuma un, jo\nsevi\u0161\u0137i, no tikum\u012bbas k\u0101 \u0161o mor\u0101les normu praktisk\u0101s \u012bsteno\u0161anas. Latvijas\nSatversm\u0113 ir ietverta valsts atbild\u012bba par mor\u0101li un tikum\u012bbu. Probl\u0113mas rada\nmor\u0101les pamato\u0161ana. Divi pamatvirzieni j\u0101izmanto kop\u0101, saska\u0146oti: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) balst\u012b\u0161an\u0101s trad\u012bcij\u0101s<\/strong>, v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101\npieredz\u0113, uztic\u012bb\u0101 sen\u010du mantojumam, folkloras, mitolo\u0123ijas, tautas m\u0101kslas un\nkult\u016bras trad\u012bciju izmanto\u0161ana;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) zin\u0101tnisks, lo\u0123isks pamatojums, v\u0113sturisko evol\u016bcijas<\/strong>\nprocesu zin\u0101tnisks skaidrojums, tagadnes notikumu saist\u012bbas ar iepriek\u0161\u0113jo\npaaud\u017eu pieredzi izpratne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Sabiedr\u012bbai\nkopum\u0101 un valstij, pa\u0161vald\u012bb\u0101m un visiem citiem sabiedr\u012bbas p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem j\u0101veido\nsava ideolo\u0123ija, kuras sast\u0101vda\u013ca ir mor\u0101le, balstoties uz da\u017eiem vienk\u0101r\u0161iem\nprincipiem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katram cilv\u0113kam nepiecie\u00ad\u0161ama: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

a)pasaules vis\u0101 t\u0101s daudzveid\u012bb\u0101 izpratne un ar to\nsaist\u012bt\u0101 p\u0101rliec\u012bba par savu dro\u0161\u012bbu un savai dz\u012bvei nepiecie\u0161amo\nmateri\u0101lo resursu (p\u0101rtika un pajumte) pieejam\u012bbu; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

b)pieder\u012bba k\u0101dai grupai, tautai (etnosam) ar\nt\u0101s valodu, kult\u016bru, trad\u012bcij\u0101m, tic\u0113jumiem un savstarp\u0113ja atz\u012b\u0161ana no\n\u0161\u012bs grupas puses; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

c)sava \u201ces\u201d apzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, savu sp\u0113ju \u012bsteno\u0161ana, pa\u0161realiz\u0101cija,\nsavas vietas pasaul\u0113, savu pien\u0101kumu un ties\u012bbu apzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

d)dz\u012bves virz\u012bbas, transcendences, sabiedr\u012bbas,\nsavu un savu tuv\u0101ko cilv\u0113ku, \u0123imenes, draugu un \nkol\u0113\u0123u m\u0113r\u0137u, uzdevumu izpratne, sadarb\u012bbas, saist\u012bbu, pien\u0101kumu\nun ties\u012bbu \u012bsteno\u0161anas iesp\u0113ju apzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, \u201cdz\u012bves j\u0113gas<\/em>\u201d\nizpratne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Da\u017e\u0101das\nreli\u0123ijas un t\u0101m l\u012bdz\u012bgas mitolo\u0123iskas, ma\u0123iskas un tradicion\u0101lu tic\u0113jumu\nsist\u0113mas savu iesp\u0113ju robe\u017e\u0101s dod visu \u0161o vajadz\u012bbu (p\u0101rtika un pajumte,\ndro\u0161\u012bba, pieder\u012bba, atz\u012b\u0161ana, pa\u0161realiz\u0101cija, transcendence)\nizpratni un atbilsto\u0161us l\u012bdzek\u013cus vajadz\u012bbu apmierin\u0101\u0161anai, bet nekad neizdodas\nsasniegt piln\u012bgu atbilst\u012bbu ne starp re\u0101lo pieredzi un ideolo\u0123ijas doto\naprakstu, ne,v\u0113l jo vair\u0101k, starp vajadz\u012bb\u0101m un to apmierin\u0101\u0161anu. Nesakrit\u012bbas,\nnovirzes ir nesaraujami saist\u012btas ar pretrun\u0101m starp mieru un kust\u012bbu, ener\u0123iju\nun inform\u0101ciju un piem\u012bt jebkurai dz\u012bv\u012bbas izpausmei. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Iz)dz\u012bvo\u0161ana<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Dabas,\nevol\u016bcijas procesa noteikt\u0101 galven\u0101 pras\u012bba dz\u012bv\u012bbai (visos t\u0101s veidos) ir\nsp\u0113ja saglab\u0101ties, sp\u0113ja \u201cizdz\u012bvot<\/em>\u201d. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas, pretrun\u012bgums\npast\u0101v un past\u0101v\u0113s vienm\u0113r, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            pirmk\u0101rt,\nstarp re\u0101laj\u0101m, vides un cilv\u0113ku darb\u012bbas rad\u012btaj\u0101m objekt\u012bvaj\u0101m<\/em>\nmain\u012bgaj\u0101m, konkr\u0113taj\u0101m, \u013coti da\u017e\u0101daj\u0101m \npras\u012bb\u0101m \u201cr\u012bc\u012bbai\u201d un iesp\u0113j\u0101m atrast subjekt\u012bvu<\/em>, vair\u0101k\nvai maz\u0101k stabilu, p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas visp\u0101r\u012bgu, \nunivers\u0101lu atbildi, \u201cuzved\u012bbas modeli\u201d kur\u0161, neskatoties uz savu\nrelat\u012bvo vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bbu un stabilit\u0101ti, der daudz\u0101s main\u012bg\u0101s, bet l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101s\nsitu\u0101cij\u0101s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Otrk\u0101rt,\nvienm\u0113r b\u016bs pretruna starp atsevi\u0161\u0137u indiv\u012bdu mirst\u012bgumu un grupas\ntieksmi uz nemirst\u012bbu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tre\u0161k\u0101rt,\nk\u0101 sekas no div\u0101m pirmaj\u0101m pretrun\u0101m, ir dz\u012bv\u012bbas tieksme uz stabilit\u0101ti, mieru,\nsevi maksim\u0101li saglab\u0101jot tagadn\u0113<\/em>, un uz kust\u012bbu, mekl\u0113jumiem,\nsavas stabilit\u0101tes un izdz\u012bvo\u0161anas iesp\u0113ju palielin\u0101\u0161anu n\u0101kotn\u0113<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Objekt\u012bvi\natsevi\u0161\u0137u cilv\u0113ku un to grupu r\u012bc\u012bba ir v\u0113rsta uz izdz\u012bvo\u0161anu, kur\npriorit\u0101ra ir grupas (tautas, etnosa) past\u0101v\u0113\u0161ana, aug\u0161ana. Indiv\u012bds\ndabai ir svar\u012bgs tikai k\u0101 nep\u0101rtraukt\u0101 kust\u012bb\u0101, izmai\u0146u proces\u0101 eso\u0161as,\npa\u0161atjaunojo\u0161\u0101s sist\u0113mas (\u0123imenes, tautas, etnosa, biosf\u0113ras) da\u013ca. Subjekt\u012bvi\ngrupas un taj\u0101 ietilpsto\u0161o atsevi\u0161\u0137o cilv\u0113ku izpratne par v\u0113lamo un nev\u0113lamo\n(subjekt\u012bvi r\u012bc\u012bbas mode\u013ci psih\u0113), labo un slikto ir noteiktu uzskatu, mot\u012bvu\nun emociju veidota un tikai vid\u0113ji, integr\u0101li sakr\u012bt ar objekt\u012bvo vajadz\u012bbu\nkopu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Objekt\u012bv\u0101\nizdz\u012bvo\u0161anas vajadz\u012bbu kopa ir pretrun\u012bga sav\u0101 pamat\u0101, jo pamatvajadz\u012bbas \u2013 materi\u0101lie\nun ener\u0123ijas resursi<\/em> no vienas puses un zin\u0101\u0161anu resursi<\/em> no otras\npuses savai uzglab\u0101\u0161anai un palielin\u0101\u0161anai prasa pret\u0113jas darb\u012bbas. Lai uzkr\u0101tu\nener\u0123ijas un materi\u0101los resursus, nepiecie\u0161ams miers un stabilit\u0101te (tagadn\u0113).\nLai ieg\u016btu un uzkr\u0101tu zin\u0101\u0161anas (k\u0101 izvair\u012bties no briesm\u0101m un palielin\u0101t\nmateri\u0101los resursus (n\u0101kotn\u0113)), j\u0101p\u0113ta apk\u0101rtne, t\u0113r\u0113jot materi\u0101los un\nener\u0123ijas resursus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ne)mirst\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            J\u0101\u0146em\nv\u0113r\u0101, ka dabai galvenais ir \u201cnemirst\u012bga\u201d grupa, sast\u0101vo\u0161a no mirst\u012bgiem\nindiv\u012bdiem, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c evol\u016bcija veido grupas izdz\u012bvo\u0161anu nodro\u0161ino\u0161us uzved\u012bbas\nmeh\u0101nismus. Altruismam, patriotismam, tieksmei pal\u012bdz\u0113t p\u0113cn\u0101c\u0113jiem ir\nbiolo\u0123iskas saknes, ar ko j\u0101r\u0113\u0137in\u0101s. K.G.Junga p\u0113t\u012btie arhetipi<\/em><\/strong>\nir viens no veidiem, k\u0101 par\u0101d\u0101s grupas, etnosa darb\u012bbas regul\u0101cija ar\nemocion\u0101lu, univers\u0101lu, integr\u0101lu, \nzemapzi\u0146\u0101 eksist\u0113jo\u0161u meh\u0101nismu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r arhetipu realiz\u0101cijai\nir nepiecie\u0161ama zin\u0101\u0161anu konkretiz\u0101cijas un apmai\u0146as sist\u0113ma, kura nodro\u0161ina\nzin\u0101\u0161anu p\u0101rnesi, paaud\u017eu saist\u012bbu un sabiedr\u012bbas saska\u0146otu darb\u012bbu arhetipu\nizveidot\u0101 virzien\u0101, \u201cgultn\u0113\u201d, veidojot konkr\u0113tu, individu\u0101lu uzved\u012bbu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Sa)darb\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Cilv\u0113ku\nsabiedr\u012bbas ra\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101 vienlaic\u012bgi veidoj\u0101s jauna soci\u0101l\u0101 strukt\u016bra un t\u0101s\neksistenci uzturo\u0161ie uzved\u012bbas mode\u013ci, valoda, kura nodro\u0161in\u0101ja iesp\u0113jas lielu\ngrupu sadarb\u012bbai (efekt\u012bvi apmainoties ar inform\u0101ciju), un reli\u0123ija, kura\nrad\u012bja iesp\u0113jas vad\u012bt un regul\u0113t lielas grupas bez tie\u0161as fiziska sp\u0113ka\nlieto\u0161anas.  Ja \u0146emam v\u0113r\u0101 Boldvina\nefektu<\/em> (uzved\u012bbas mode\u013cu \u0123en\u0113tisku nostiprin\u0101\u0161anu ar \u201cm\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgu\u201d mut\u0101ciju\npal\u012bdz\u012bbu), tad k\u013c\u016bst saprotama arhetipu k\u0101 \u0123en\u0113tiski determin\u0113tu soci\u0101l\u0101s\nstrukt\u016bras mode\u013cu veido\u0161an\u0101s. Cilv\u0113ka arhetipu meh\u0101nisms ir izveidojies\nbiolo\u0123isk\u0101s evol\u016bcijas ce\u013c\u0101 pirms vismaz 20 000 gadu un nav b\u016btiski\nizmain\u012bjies, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c veidojot sabiedr\u012bbas strat\u0113\u0123iju, j\u0101balst\u0101s uz biolo\u0123iskajiem\npamatiem, starp kuriem ir soci\u0101l\u0101s strukt\u016bras hierarhiz\u0101cija<\/em><\/strong>\nar uztic\u012bbas pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, s\u0101kotn\u0113ji reli\u0123iska, mitolo\u0123iska<\/em> tipa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nomain\u012bt\nreli\u0123iju ar potenci\u0101li daudz efekt\u012bv\u0101ko racion\u0101lo, zin\u0101tniski lo\u0123isko\npamatojumu ir visai sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts uzdevums, jo cilv\u0113ka psihes strukt\u016bra ir\npiel\u0101gota \u201ckvazireli\u0123iskam<\/em>\u201d, mitolo\u0123iskam<\/em> varas un pak\u013cau\u0161an\u0101s\nattiec\u012bbu pamatojumam. Psiholo\u0123ijas, sociolo\u0123ijas un humanit\u0101ro zin\u0101t\u0146u,\npirmk\u0101rt, v\u0113stures un lingvistikas loma \u0161eit ir noz\u012bm\u012bga, tom\u0113r gala rezult\u0101tu,\nzin\u0101tniska pasaules uzskata izveido\u0161anu, var nodro\u0161in\u0101t tikai filozofijas un\nm\u0101kslas m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bga, visu<\/strong> zin\u0101t\u0146u<\/strong> sasniegumus apkopojo\u0161a\nun valsts atbalst\u012bta darb\u012bba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ne)main\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Da\u017e\u0101das\nideolo\u0123ijas cen\u0161as samierin\u0101t objekt\u012bv\u0101s pretrunas un dot pasaules ainu un\nuzved\u012bbas mode\u013cus ar atbilsto\u0161iem pamatojumiem, bet nekad nesp\u0113j izveidot\nnosl\u0113gtu, nemain\u012bgu, vis\u0101m \u0101r\u0113j\u0101m objekt\u012bvaj\u0101m pretrun\u012bgaj\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m\natbilsto\u0161u sist\u0113mu, jo pati objekt\u012bv\u0101 realit\u0101te ir main\u012bga un pretrun\u012bga. Lai\nnodro\u0161in\u0101tu sabiedr\u012bbas un katra cilv\u0113ka vajadz\u012bbas p\u0113c ideolo\u0123ijas, valstij\nj\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas par zin\u0101tnes, filozofijas, m\u0101kslas un kult\u016bras piel\u0101go\u0161anu\nmain\u012bgajiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, par to izmanto\u0161anu sabiedr\u012bbas vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, nodro\u0161inot\natbalstu un pal\u012bdz\u012bbu pasaules izzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 un p\u0101rvald\u012b\u0161an\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Ideolo\u0123iju\nir j\u0101veido, balstoties v\u0113sturiski eksist\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s reli\u0123iskaj\u0101s, mitolo\u0123iskaj\u0101s<\/em>,\nfolkloras (\u201cpag\u0101nisma\u201d), m\u0101kslinieciskaj\u0101s un sv\u0113tku iera\u017e\u0101s un trad\u012bcij\u0101s.\nIdeolo\u0123iju var da\u013c\u0113ji saist\u012bt ar\u012b ar da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m reli\u0123isk\u0101m trad\u012bcij\u0101m, iek\u013caujot \u201ckrist\u012bg\u0101s\nv\u0113rt\u012bbas<\/em>\u201d (bet, p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas maksim\u0101li, atsaistot no krist\u012bg\u0101s tic\u012bbas),\ndievtur\u012bbu un latvie\u0161u mitolo\u0123iju<\/em><\/strong>. Perspekt\u012bv\u0101 tom\u0113r j\u0101balst\u0101s uz\nzin\u0101tn\u0113 sak\u0146otu, ar filozofijas<\/em> pal\u012bdz\u012bbu izstr\u0101d\u0101tu ideolo\u0123iju, kura\nveido zin\u0101tnisku pasaules uzskatu ar t\u0101 sast\u0101v\u0101 eso\u0161u tikum\u012bbu. No ideolo\u0123ijas\nizrieto\u0161o mor\u0101li veido \u0113tikas zin\u0101tne (k\u0101 filozofijas sast\u0101vda\u013ca), da\u013c\u0113ji\nizmantojot v\u0113sturiski izveidoju\u0161os principus un formul\u0113jumus, k\u0101, piem\u0113ram\nkristie\u0161u b\u012bbeles bau\u0161\u013cus. Tom\u0113r ir nopietni j\u0101str\u0101d\u0101, lai \u0113tika k\u0101 zin\u0101tne\nsp\u0113tu pamatot latvie\u0161u kult\u016brai un v\u0113sturei atbilsto\u0161u mor\u0101li un pielietot to\nties\u012bbu pamato\u0161anai, jo ties\u012bbas ir mor\u0101les minimums<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Pa\u0161)saska\u0146o\u0161ana<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Galvenie\nce\u013ci un l\u012bdzek\u013ci, valsts un sabiedr\u012bbas uzdevumi ideolo\u0123ijas veido\u0161an\u0101:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Pa\u0161saska\u0146otas, iek\u0161\u0113ji nepretrun\u012bgas pasaules\nainas<\/em> veido\u0161ana, balstoties galvenok\u0101rt uz fizikas un biolo\u0123ijas\nsasniegumiem un izmantojot matem\u0101tikas valodu. B\u016btiski ir iev\u0113rot papildin\u0101m\u012bbas<\/em>\n<\/strong>principu, kur\u0161 pamato pasaules da\u017e\u0101du mode\u013cu sist\u0113mu paral\u0113lu veido\u0161anu,\nvienlaic\u012bgi izmantojot vair\u0101kus (bie\u017ei divus) alternat\u012bvus \u012bsten\u012bbas,\nobjekt\u012bv\u0101s realit\u0101tes aprakstus, mode\u013cus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)  Izpratnes par\nevol\u016bciju<\/em> konsekventa izmanto\u0161ana. Jebkuru objektu var izprast,\ntikai saprotot t\u0101 ra\u0161anos un att\u012bst\u012bbas ce\u013cu, zinot t\u0101 v\u0113sturi. Biolo\u0123ijas\nveidotais visa dz\u012bv\u0101 evol\u016bcijas apraksts dod pamatu izpratnei par dab\u0101 un\nsabiedr\u012bb\u0101 notieko\u0161o. Da\u017e\u0101do sacens\u012bbas un sadarb\u012bbas veidu (starp indiv\u012bdiem,\ngrup\u0101m, sug\u0101m) p\u0113t\u012b\u0161ana un dab\u012bg\u0101s izlases<\/em> izpratne \u013cauj saprast\nar\u012b cilv\u0113ka izcel\u0161anos, valodas un reli\u0123ijas ra\u0161anos, altruisma un egoisma\npamatus un sabiedr\u012bbas eksistences likum\u012bbas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Filozofijas meto\u017eu izmanto\u0161ana zin\u0101tnes\nsasniegumu apkopo\u0161anai un atbilsto\u0161u pasaules, sabiedr\u012bbas un cilv\u0113ka mode\u013cu\nveido\u0161anai. M\u012bti<\/em><\/strong> un da\u017e\u0101di tic\u0113jumi, ieskaitot reli\u0123iskos,\nbija pirmie uzkr\u0101t\u0101s pieredzes, zin\u0101\u0161anu un trad\u012bciju apkopo\u0161anas vienot\u0101\nmodel\u012b m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumi. Papildin\u0101m\u012bbas principa iev\u0113ro\u0161ana filozofij\u0101 \u013cauj izveidot\nvair\u0101kus paral\u0113li lietojamus realit\u0101tes mode\u013cus un saska\u0146ot to izmanto\u0161anu,\nnov\u0113r\u0161ot lo\u0123isk\u0101s pretrunas uzskatu sist\u0113m\u0101, tom\u0113r pa\u0161laik \u0161is uzdevums ir\nnepietiekami izprasts. Filozofi joproj\u0101m m\u0113\u0123ina veidot sist\u0113mas, kuras katra\npretend\u0113 uz visas objekt\u012bv\u0101s realit\u0101tes aprakstu, kas nav iesp\u0113jams.\nReli\u0123ijp\u0113tniec\u012bbas un filozofijas p\u016b\u013cu apvieno\u0161ana ar dabas zin\u0101t\u0146u (fizikas,\nbiolo\u0123ijas un psiholo\u0123ijas) un humanit\u0101ro zin\u0101t\u0146u (v\u0113stures, lingvistikas un\nfilolo\u0123ijas) sasniegumiem \u013cautu sekm\u012bgi risin\u0101t ideolo\u0123ijas un pasaules uzskata\nveido\u0161anas uzdevumus.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) M\u0101kslas izmanto\u0161ana apkopoto zin\u0101\u0161anu un\nda\u017e\u0101do pasaules un sabiedr\u012bbas mode\u013cu nodo\u0161anai cilv\u0113kiem, pieska\u0146ojoties\nda\u017e\u0101du sabiedr\u012bbas grupu vajadz\u012bb\u0101m un iesp\u0113j\u0101m, \u012bpa\u0161i r\u016bp\u0113joties par jaun\u0101s\npaaudzes ievirz\u012b\u0161anu sabiedr\u012bbas kop\u0113j\u0101 darb\u012bb\u0101. M\u0101kslai ir  j\u0101b\u016bt vienojo\u0161ai, integr\u0113jo\u0161ai, veidojo\u0161ai,\nj\u0101saved visus kop\u0101, dodot katram vi\u0146a subjekt\u012bvai uztverei un izpratnei\npiem\u0113rotu, ar sabiedr\u012bbas m\u0113r\u0137iem saska\u0146otu, pie\u0146emtajai kop\u0113jai ideolo\u0123ijai\natbilsto\u0161u individu\u0101lo pasaules uzskatu. J\u0101izmanto visi m\u0101kslas veidi un\nvirzieni (m\u016bzika, dzeja, literat\u016bra, arhitekt\u016bra, t\u0113lniec\u012bba, glezniec\u012bba, profesion\u0101l\u0101\nun tautas m\u0101ksla)<\/em>, amatniec\u012bba<\/em><\/strong> un m\u0101ksliniecisk\u0101\npa\u0161darb\u012bba, dizains<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) Valsts atbalst\u012btajai kult\u016brai j\u0101izmanto\nv\u0113sturiski veidoju\u0161\u0101s, gadsimtos uzkr\u0101t\u0101s trad\u012bcijas, piesaistot cilv\u0113ku\ngrupas (\u0123imenes, dzimtas) konkr\u0113t\u0101m viet\u0113j\u0101m, sen\u010du veidot\u0101m iera\u017e\u0101m un\nfolklorai (dziesmas, teikas, sv\u0113tku iera\u017eas, amata prasmes utt.). Filozofijas\nizveidoto ideolo\u0123iju j\u0101savieno ar v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101m, nacion\u0101laj\u0101m kult\u016bras\ntrad\u012bcij\u0101m, tautas m\u0101kslu, darba un sadz\u012bves kult\u016bru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6) Kult\u016bru un ideolo\u0123iju j\u0101sasaista ar\ntautsaimniec\u012bbas probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anu, tai skait\u0101 viet\u0113jo ra\u017eojumu, da\u017e\u0101du lok\u0101lu\n\u012bpatn\u012bbu atbalst\u012b\u0161anu. Ar dizaina<\/strong> (tas ir, r\u016bpniecisk\u0101s m\u0101kslas)\npal\u012bdz\u012bbu j\u0101padara ra\u017eo\u0161anu individualiz\u0113tu, j\u0101tuvina \u0123eogr\u0101fiskajai un\netnogr\u0101fiskajai videi, stiprinot cilv\u0113ka saites ar savu apk\u0101rtni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

7) Pa\u0161p\u0101rvaldes<\/em><\/strong> da\u017e\u0101du formu\natbalst\u012b\u0161ana un veido\u0161ana, indiv\u012bdu iesaist\u012b\u0161ana kolekt\u012bvu m\u0113r\u0137u sasnieg\u0161an\u0101 ar\nkop\u012bgu pas\u0101kumu (kult\u016bras, politisku, ekonomisku, finansi\u0101lu utt.) pal\u012bdz\u012bbu.\nJ\u0101pan\u0101k l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anas iesp\u0113jami liel\u0101ka tuvin\u0101\u0161ana l\u0113mumu\nizpild\u012bt\u0101jiem<\/em><\/strong> (subsidiarit\u0101tes principa iev\u0113ro\u0161ana), cen\u0161oties\nsavietot l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu un izpild\u012b\u0161anu, kur tikai tas iesp\u0113jams, kaut vai\nda\u013c\u0113ji. L\u012bdzdal\u012bbu sava likte\u0146a lem\u0161an\u0101 j\u0101s\u0101k m\u0101c\u012bt \u0123imen\u0113, j\u0101turpina skol\u0101,\ndarb\u0101 un visu l\u012bme\u0146u \u201cpolitik\u0101\u201d. Jebkur\u0161 l\u0113mums j\u0101saista ar atbild\u012bbu un ar\nr\u016bp\u0113m par vidi, apk\u0101rtni, par \u0123imen\u0113, darba viet\u0101, valst\u012b, pasaul\u0113 notieko\u0161o,\ntagad un n\u0101kotn\u0113. J\u0101m\u0101c\u0101s saprast un izmantot visu lietu savstarp\u0113j\u0101s\nsaist\u012bbas, atkar\u012bbas, mijiedarb\u012bbas, s\u0101kot ar vistuv\u0101ko apk\u0101rtni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juris Dzelme<\/em>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u012bga, 20.01.20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas ir tikumi, v\u0113rt\u012bbas, principi, ties\u012bbas? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Tauta <\/em>un vara<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            (Zem)apzi\u0146a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V\u0113rt\u012bbas,\ntikumi<\/em> un to pamatojumi ir sabiedr\u012bbas un valsts past\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas pamats,\nb\u016btisk\u0101k\u0101 ideolo\u0123ijas un pasaules uzskata<\/em><\/strong> da\u013ca, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c svar\u012bg\u0101k\u0101s\nv\u0113rt\u012bbas ir nostiprin\u0101tas Latvijas Satversmes preambul\u0101. Neskatoties uz\npalielino\u0161os interesi par v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m un principiem, joproj\u0101m ir nepietiekama to\nizpratne un izmanto\u0161ana izgl\u012bt\u012bb\u0101 un valsts atbalst\u012bt\u0101 ideolo\u0123ijas veido\u0161an\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Noteico\u0161ie\nir tikumi \u2013 subjekt\u012bvi, ar emocij\u0101m un zemapzi\u0146u saist\u012bti individu\u0101lie\nuzved\u012bbas mode\u013ci attiec\u012bbu apzin\u0101tai regul\u0113\u0161anai starp indiv\u012bdiem un to\ngrup\u0101m. V\u0113rt\u012bbas par\u0101d\u0101s k\u0101 objekt\u012bvas, apzin\u0101tas sal\u012bdzin\u0101\u0161anas rezult\u0101ts.\nV\u0113rt\u012bbas ir abstrakt\u0101kas, visp\u0101r\u012bg\u0101kas nek\u0101 tikumi, t\u0101s ir instruments\nattiec\u012bbu regul\u0113\u0161anai starp indiv\u012bdiem, izv\u0113les izdar\u012b\u0161anai saska\u0146\u0101 ar da\u017e\u0101du\nv\u0113rt\u012bbu sal\u012bdzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 ieg\u016bto vietu hierarhij\u0101. V\u0113rt\u012bbu un tikumu izpratne\niesp\u0113jama, izv\u0113rt\u0113jot to evol\u016bciju un p\u0113tot apzin\u0101tas un neapzin\u0101tas konfliktu\nrisin\u0101\u0161anas meh\u0101nismus ar tikum\u012bbas un mor\u0101les pal\u012bdz\u012bbu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Cilv\u0113ces\nv\u0113stures s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 period\u0101 tikumi darbojas k\u0101 pa\u0161saprotamas uzved\u012bbas\nnormas,  kuru darb\u012bbas meh\u0101nisms (\u201csirdsapzi\u0146a<\/em><\/strong>\u201d)\nsak\u0146ojas zemapzi\u0146\u0101. Da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m grup\u0101m, cilt\u012bm apvienojoties etnosos un valst\u012bs,\nrodas da\u017e\u0101du uzved\u012bbas normu sadursmes un izveidojas subjekt\u012bvo (neapzin\u0101to)\ntikumu apzin\u0101tas, objekt\u012bvas sal\u012bdzin\u0101\u0161anas un saska\u0146o\u0161anas meh\u0101nismi,\nizmantojot mor\u0101li un v\u0113rt\u012bbas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Izgl\u012bt\u012bbas\nun ties\u012bbu sist\u0113mas to da\u017e\u0101daj\u0101s v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101s form\u0101s, veic tikumu un v\u0113rt\u012bbu\nuztur\u0113\u0161anas un nostiprin\u0101\u0161anas uzdevumu. Att\u012bstoties globaliz\u0101cijai un\ninternacionaliz\u0101cijai, modern\u0101 sabiedr\u012bba aiziet no tradicion\u0101l\u0101, paaud\u017eu\nsaist\u012bb\u0101 balst\u012bt\u0101 dz\u012bves veida, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c liel\u0101ka uzman\u012bba j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 valsts\natbalst\u012btai tikumu veido\u0161anai. Mor\u0101les pamati, galven\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bbas un ties\u012bbu pamatprincipi\n(cilv\u0113ka un pilso\u0146a ties\u012bbas) tiek iek\u013cauti ideolo\u0123ij\u0101 un valsts normat\u012bvo aktu\nsist\u0113m\u0101, s\u0101kot ar  pamatlikumu\n(konstit\u016bciju). Da\u017e\u0101du valstu ties\u012bbu sist\u0113mu saska\u0146o\u0161ana notiek, balstoties\nvispirms uz starptautiski atz\u012bt\u0101m deklar\u0101cij\u0101m (cilv\u0113ka ties\u012bbu deklar\u0101cija\nutml.). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(P\u0101r)valde<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Valsts\nun t\u0101s veidot\u0101s izgl\u012bt\u012bbas sist\u0113mas atbild\u012bba par tikumiem palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s nav\npietiekami apzin\u0101ta, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c vienotas izpratnes pilnveido\u0161ana par tikumiem,\nv\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m, mor\u0101li un ties\u012bb\u0101m k\u0101 mor\u0101les minimumu ir steidzams aktu\u0101ls uzdevums.\nNo tikumiem un v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m izriet ties\u012bbu principi. No demokr\u0101tijas\npamatnormas \u2013 vara pieder tautai<\/em>, seko svar\u012bg\u0101kie visp\u0101r\u0113jie ties\u012bbu\nprincipi. Galvenais, ar dz\u012bv\u012bbu k\u0101 augst\u0101ko v\u0113rt\u012bbu saist\u012btais caurviju\nprincips ir izdz\u012bvo\u0161ana<\/em><\/strong>, sabiedr\u012bbas ilgtsp\u0113ja<\/em><\/strong>.\nOtrs caurviju princips ir sam\u0113r\u012bgums<\/em><\/strong>, kur\u0161 izriet no ilgtsp\u0113jas\nun noraida t\u0101das gal\u0113j\u012bbas k\u0101 straujas p\u0101rmai\u0146as, revol\u016bcijas vai\nsastingums, diktat\u016bra, totalit\u0101risms. Evolucion\u0101ro izmai\u0146u pak\u0101peniskums\nun sam\u0113r\u012bgums \u013cauj neizb\u0113gamo sv\u0101rst\u012bbu amplit\u016bdu starp mieru un kust\u012bbu,\nsastingumu un haosu samazin\u0101t l\u012bdz l\u012bmenim, kas neapdraud izdz\u012bvo\u0161anu un\nilgtsp\u0113ju, bet joproj\u0101m nodro\u0161ina adapt\u0101ciju un stabilit\u0101ti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V\u0113l\npieci ilgtsp\u0113jas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai kalpojo\u0161ie visp\u0101r\u0113jie ties\u012bbu principi, darbojoties\nsam\u0113r\u012bgi un sabalans\u0113ti, papildina viens otru. Jaunu risin\u0101jumu mekl\u0113\u0161anai\nnepiecie\u0161amo priv\u0101tautonomiju<\/em>, br\u012bv\u012bbu l\u012bdz sabiedr\u012bbai pie\u0146emamam\nl\u012bmenim ierobe\u017eo tiesiskums <\/em>un demokr\u0101tiska iek\u0101rta<\/em>. Nacion\u0101la\nvalsts<\/em> nodro\u0161ina nacion\u0101lo trad\u012bciju, v\u0113rt\u012bbu un tikumu sarg\u0101\u0161anu, bet soci\u0101li<\/em>\natbild\u012bga valsts<\/em> g\u0101d\u0101 par ieciet\u012bbu, nodro\u0161inot visu pamatvajadz\u012bbu\napmierin\u0101\u0161anu visiem, neskatoties uz etnisko (nacion\u0101lo) pieder\u012bbu. Pietiekami\ntuva, savstarp\u0113ji saska\u0146ota izpratne par tikumiem, v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m, reli\u0123iju un\nideolo\u0123iju nodro\u0161ina iesp\u0113ju efekt\u012bvi vad\u012bt tikum\u012bbas veido\u0161anu ar izgl\u012bt\u012bbas\nun ties\u012bbu sist\u0113mu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            L\u0113mumu\ndecentraliz\u0101cija ir b\u016btiska evolucion\u0101ras att\u012bst\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai. Jaunu\niesp\u0113ju mekl\u0113\u0161ana ar sekojo\u0161u atbilsto\u0161o uzved\u012bbas mode\u013cu mai\u0146u j\u0101pie\u013cauj visos\nl\u012bme\u0146os, s\u0101kot ar zem\u0101kajiem (\u0123imene, kaimi\u0146i, biedr\u012bbas, draudzes, kooperat\u012bvi\nutt.), bet j\u0101b\u016bt \u0101r\u0113jai (ar\u012b savstarp\u0113jai) kontrolei par tiesiskuma<\/em><\/strong>\nprincipu iev\u0113ro\u0161anu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juris Dzelme<\/em>   R\u012bga, 20.01.20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur ir robe\u017eas  br\u012bv\u012bbai?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Demokr\u0101tija <\/em>un diktat\u016bra<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Vien)l\u012bdz\u012bba<\/em><\/strong>           <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Lielu\npopularit\u0101ti ir ieguvis lozungs \u201cbr\u012bv\u012bba, vienl\u012bdz\u012bba, br\u0101l\u012bba\u201d<\/em> –\nFrancijas valsts tr\u012bs ofici\u0101lie principi, kuri ir ietverti ar\u012b daudzu citu\nvalstu konstit\u016bcij\u0101s un daudzu partiju programm\u0101s. Principu \u201cbr\u012bv\u012bba, vienl\u012bdz\u012bba,\nbr\u0101l\u012bba\u201d<\/em> simboliskajai noz\u012bmei ir liela ietekme, bet saturs joproj\u0101m\ntiek interpret\u0113ts \u013coti da\u017e\u0101di, da\u017ereiz pat pret\u0113ji. T\u0101 piem\u0113ram, padomju,\nkomunistisk\u0101s ideolo\u0123ijas propagand\u0113t\u0101ji, demago\u0123iski cent\u0101s un cen\u0161as joproj\u0101m\nizr\u0101d\u012bt form\u0101lu atbalstu visiem trim principiem, bie\u017ei p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161ot tos sav\u0101\npretstat\u0101. Visliel\u0101k\u0101 viedok\u013cu da\u017e\u0101d\u012bba ir par br\u012bv\u012bbu. Izmantojot G.V.H\u0113ge\u013ca\nizpratni par \u201cbr\u012bv\u012bbu k\u0101 apzin\u0101tu nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu\u201d un aizvietojot dabas likumu\nun evol\u016bcijas rad\u012btu nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu ar dogmatiskiem tekstiem, t\u0101 saucamo\nmarksismu-\u013ce\u0146inismu, bo\u013c\u0161eviki faktiski izn\u012bcin\u0101ja br\u012bv\u012bbu, nomain\u012bja to ar proletari\u0101ta\ndiktat\u016bru<\/em>, no kuras dr\u012bz n\u0101c\u0101s atteikties, jo jebkura diktat\u016bra  nav ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bga. Diktat\u016bra var \u0101tri atrisin\u0101t\nda\u017eus konkr\u0113tus uzdevumus, bet t\u0101 nesp\u0113j atrast atbildes uz arvien jauniem\napk\u0101rtnes \u201cjaut\u0101jumiem\u201d un ir spiesta piek\u0101pties br\u012bv\u012bbai, \u0101tr\u0101k vai v\u0113l\u0101k,\nda\u017ereiz labpr\u0101t\u012bgi, bie\u017e\u0101k \u2013 zem iek\u0161\u0113jiem (pirmk\u0101rt) un \u0101r\u0113jiem triecieniem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Varas\npastiprin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s un atsl\u0101bin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s v\u0113stur\u0113 ir v\u0113rojama cikliski, nep\u0101rtraukti\nrisinot sabiedr\u012bbas past\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas un p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bbu uzdevumus, sv\u0101rstoties starp\nbr\u012bv\u012bbu un diktat\u016bru, patva\u013cu un k\u0101rt\u012bbu, main\u012bbu un sastingumu. Teor\u0113tisku\nperiodisku sv\u0101rst\u012bbu modeli starp monarhiju un demokr\u0101tiju ir aprakst\u012bjis jau Grie\u0137ijas\npoliti\u0137is Pol\u012bbijs (168.g.p.m.\u0113.). Daudz re\u0101listisk\u0101ku, jauktu, l\u012bdzsvarotu\nstarp monarhiju, oligarhiju un demokr\u0101tiju valsts p\u0101rvaldi pied\u0101v\u0101ja romie\u0161u\nfilozofs Cicerons (106.-43.g.p.m.\u0113.). Sabiedr\u012bbas virsuzdevums ir, balstoties\nuz zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m, notur\u0113ties starp \u0161\u012bm div\u0101m tendenc\u0113m, br\u012bv\u012bbu un k\u0101rt\u012bbu,\nneiekr\u012btot gal\u0113j\u012bb\u0101s. Nedr\u012bkst atdoties ne sirdij tik m\u012b\u013cajai, neierobe\u017eotajai\nbr\u012bv\u012bbai, kura tiecas k\u013c\u016bt par patva\u013cu \u201ckatram\u201d, kur\u0161 pasp\u0113j \u0161o \u201cbr\u012bv\u012bbu\u201d sev\niekarot, ne pr\u0101tam tik saprotamajai k\u0101rt\u012bbai, kura, visu noliekot \u201csav\u0101s\u201d\nviet\u0101s, \u0101tri k\u013c\u016bst par diktat\u016bru  un\npatva\u013cu \u201cizredz\u0113tajiem\u201d, valdniekiem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Sa)biedr\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Pasaules\nizpratnei, savas un sve\u0161as br\u012bv\u012bbas sabalans\u0113\u0161anai, v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai un sv\u0113r\u0161anai<\/em>\nj\u0101ved uz varas un br\u012bv\u012bbas sapr\u0101t\u012bgu lieto\u0161anu, indiv\u012bda ties\u012bbas apzin\u0101ti\npak\u013caujot grupas izdz\u012bvo\u0161anas interes\u0113m un samazinot sv\u0101rst\u012bbu amplit\u016bdu starp\nbr\u012bv\u012bbu un k\u0101rt\u012bbu, anarhiju un monarhiju, patva\u013cu un diktat\u016bru. Faktiski demokr\u0101tija\nir m\u0101ksla notur\u0113ties starp gal\u0113j\u012bb\u0101m, nepie\u013caujot ne diktatora, ne liber\u0101\u013ca\npatva\u013cu, savu ties\u012bbu un varas p\u0101rsp\u012bl\u0113\u0161anu ne no \u201cbr\u012bva\u201d, ar tikumiem un\nmor\u0101li nesaist\u012bta liber\u0101\u013ca puses, ne no savu k\u0101rt\u012bbu ieviest gribo\u0161a diktatora\npuses, jo abi grib sekot tikai sav\u0101m iegrib\u0101m, savai izpratnei par tikumiem.\nDiktators, m\u0113\u0123inot izpatikt padotajiem, tos pak\u013caut un apvienot, bie\u017ei vien pie\ntam ir ieciet\u012bg\u0101ks pret citiem, nek\u0101 liber\u0101lis, kur\u0161 tiecas uz visat\u013caut\u012bbu\nsev, daudz neskatoties uz citiem cilv\u0113kiem. Liber\u0101lis vair\u0101k pa\u013caujas uz naudas\nvaru savu iegribu apmierin\u0101\u0161anai un varas uzpirk\u0161anai, diktators \u2013 uz tie\u0161u\nvardarb\u012bbu. K\u0101 kompromiss p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas, demokr\u0101tija var past\u0101v\u0113t tikai k\u0101\nsapr\u0101t\u012bga, uz zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m balst\u012bta vieno\u0161an\u0101s, kura iev\u0113ro trad\u012bcijas, v\u0113sturi,\nsubjekt\u012bvos viedok\u013cus un objekt\u012bvos apst\u0101k\u013cus. (Demokr\u0101tija \u0161aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 tuvojas\n\u017dana \u017daka Ruso \u201csabiedrisk\u0101 l\u012bguma\u201d iedom\u0101taj\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101m, praktiski gan\nnerealiz\u0113jamaj\u0101m.)  Grupas, kolekt\u012bva\ninteres\u0113m j\u0101b\u016bt p\u0101r\u0101k\u0101m gan p\u0101r atsevi\u0161\u0137u personu virz\u012bbu uz kop\u012bbas\nizjauk\u0161anu, ignor\u0113jot sadarb\u012bbu savu tieksmju uz \u201ccit\u0101d\u012bbu\u201d un br\u012bv\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c, gan\np\u0101r citu personu virz\u012bbu p\u0101r\u0113jos pak\u013caut, izmantot sav\u0101 lab\u0101. Grupai,\nperiodiski mainot atbalstu un sabalans\u0113jot intereses un vajadz\u012bbas, j\u0101samierina\nun j\u0101izmanto abi pret\u0113jie virzieni \u2013 uz atbr\u012bvo\u0161anos, sava \u201ces\u201d izpau\u0161anu un uz\napvieno\u0161anos, pak\u013caujot savu individualit\u0101ti kop\u012bgajam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Demokr\u0101tija\nnevar b\u016bt ide\u0101la, absol\u016bta, bet tikai konkr\u0113ta, katros apst\u0101k\u013cos cit\u0101d\u0101ka,\nkonkr\u0113tai sabiedr\u012bbai piem\u0113rota, ar saviem konkr\u0113tiem uzdevumiem, tr\u016bkumiem un\niesp\u0113j\u0101m. Tikai zin\u0101\u0161anas, to apkopojums \nnoteikt\u0101 ideolo\u0123ij\u0101, var rad\u012bt priek\u0161noteikumus demokr\u0101tiskas\nsabiedr\u012bbas sabalans\u0113tai darb\u012bbai. V\u0113sturiski un biolo\u0123isk\u0101s evol\u016bcijas gait\u0101\nir radu\u0161ies un izveidoti vair\u0101ki \u201cautorit\u0101rie\u201d (monarhistiskie) grupu organiz\u0101cijas\nvarianti, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c pastiprin\u0101ts atbalsts demokr\u0101tijai un br\u012bv\u012bbai jaun\u0101kajos\nlaikos (p\u0113d\u0113jos p\u0101rsimt gados) ir saprotams, bet ar\u012b br\u012bv\u012bba, vispirms jau\n\u201cbr\u012bvais\u201d tirgus ir nemit\u012bgi j\u0101ierobe\u017eo, ne\u013caujot aiziet uz gal\u0113j\u012bb\u0101m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Iz)v\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Br\u012bv\u012bba\nir apzin\u0101ta izv\u0113le<\/em>, bet par t\u0101s \u012bsteno\u0161anai nepiecie\u0161amajiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem\nir j\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas, tie nerodas pa\u0161i no sevis. Demokr\u0101tija k\u0101 vara (kura tiek\nsaist\u012bta ar br\u012bv\u012bbu, bet vienlaic\u012bgi, k\u0101 jebkura vara, pieprasa pak\u013cau\u0161anos)\nnekur nav iesp\u0113jama bez pretrun\u0101m un kompromisiem starp izsl\u0113dzo\u0161\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m.\nDivi pretpoli, starp kuriem norit re\u0101l\u0101 dz\u012bve un eksist\u0113t demokr\u0101tija, ir: a)\nk\u0101rt\u012bba, pak\u013cau\u0161an\u0101s varai, dogmatisms, sastingums un b) br\u012bv\u012bba, main\u012bgums,\nzin\u0101\u0161anu vairo\u0161ana, p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bbas, haoss.  \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Br\u012bv\u012bba\nk\u0101 apzin\u0101ta izv\u0113le demokr\u0101tisk\u0101 politisk\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101 var praktiski visviegl\u0101k\n\u012bstenoties, ja v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101jiem ir iesp\u0113ja iepaz\u012bties ar savu p\u0101rst\u0101vi \u201cikdienas\u201d\ndz\u012bv\u0113. V\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju ieinteres\u0113t\u012bbas un inform\u0113t\u012bbas b\u016btiska palielin\u0101\u0161ana\niesp\u0113jama, ja l\u0113mumu pie\u0146\u0113m\u0113ji ir pietiekami tuvi tiem v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101jiem, kuri izj\u016bt pie\u0146emto\nl\u0113mumu sekas, un ja v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101jiem ir iesp\u0113jas uzzin\u0101t par savu p\u0101rst\u0101vju darb\u012bbu\nun to re\u0101li ietekm\u0113t, prasot atbild\u012bbu<\/em> par pie\u0146emtajiem\nl\u0113mumiem.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tr\u012bs\npopul\u0101rie principi (br\u012bv\u012bba, vienl\u012bdz\u012bba, br\u0101l\u012bba) tiek likti par pamatu ar\u012b\ntiesiskuma un dro\u0161\u012bbas iedibin\u0101\u0161anai, str\u012bdu un konfliktu p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anai,\nizvirzot no vienl\u012bdz\u012bbas (likuma priek\u0161\u0101) atvasin\u0101to \u013coti popul\u0101ro un bie\u017ei\npiesaukto taisn\u012bgumu<\/em> par pamatu tiesiskai, demokr\u0101tiskai\nvalstij.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Latvijas\nSatversm\u0113 ir uzskait\u012btas galven\u0101s salied\u0113tas sabiedr\u012bbas pamatu veidojo\u0161\u0101s\nv\u0113rt\u012bbas, kuras konkretiz\u0113 un preciz\u0113 Latvijai tr\u012bs Eiropas civiliz\u0101cijas\npamatprincipus: \u201clatvie\u0161u un l\u012bbie\u0161u trad\u012bcijas, latvisk\u0101 dz\u012bveszi\u0146a,\nlatvie\u0161u valoda, visp\u0101rcilv\u0113cisk\u0101s un krist\u012bg\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bbas. Uztic\u012bba\nLatvijai, latvie\u0161u valoda k\u0101 vien\u012bg\u0101 valsts valoda, br\u012bv\u012bba, vienl\u012bdz\u012bba,\nsolidarit\u0101te, taisn\u012bgums, god\u012bgums, darba tikums un \u0123imene<\/em>\u201d.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ne)taisn\u012bba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Latvij\u0101\nvar uzskat\u012bt par pabeigtu teor\u0113tisko diskusiju par p\u0101reju no komunistisk\u0101s\nties\u012bbu sist\u0113mas uz demokr\u0101tisku, zin\u0101tnisku ties\u012bbu un taisn\u012bguma izpratni.\nSeko\u0161ana likuma burtam padomju pozit\u012bvo ties\u012bbu sist\u0113mas ietvaros ir aizvietota\nar likuma b\u016bt\u012bbas, likuma gara, taisn\u012bguma priorit\u0101ti. Latvij\u0101 tiek atz\u012bta\nteor\u0113tiski un praktiski (tiesved\u012bb\u0101), visp\u0101r\u0113jo ties\u012bbu principu<\/em>\nvisaugst\u0101k\u0101 priorit\u0101te, p\u0101r likumiem un ar\u012b p\u0101r Satversmi.  Visp\u0101r\u0113jie ties\u012bbu principi tiek piem\u0113roti ar\nsv\u0113r\u0161anas un v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas metodi un ir balst\u012bti demokr\u0101tiskas tiesiskas valsts\ntiesiskaj\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101 un trad\u012bcij\u0101s.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tom\u0113r\nLatvijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju liel\u0101k\u0101s da\u013cas inform\u0113t\u012bba un izpratne par tiesiskumu un\ntiesu sist\u0113mas darb\u012bbu ir nepietiekama, jo cilv\u0113ki joproj\u0101m j\u016btas neaizsarg\u0101ti\npret varas patva\u013cu, t\u0101pat, k\u0101 tas bija \u201cpadomju laikos\u201d. Ne daudz\u0101s partijas,\nne nevalstisk\u0101s, sabiedrisk\u0101s organiz\u0101cijas nesp\u0113j efekt\u012bvi aizsarg\u0101t\nvienk\u0101r\u0161os cilv\u0113kus. Naudas vara ir st\u0101jusies agr\u0101k\u0101s padomju \u201c\u010dekas\u201d varas\nviet\u0101 un netaisn\u012bba turpina nesod\u012bti past\u0101v\u0113t, t\u0101p\u0113c, ka taisn\u012bgums, tautas\niekarot\u0101s ties\u012bbas, demokr\u0101tija praktiski nestr\u0101d\u0101. Nestr\u0101d\u0101 cilv\u0113ku\npasivit\u0101tes d\u0113\u013c, d\u0113\u013c nesp\u0113jas vienoties, organiz\u0113ties savu intere\u0161u\naizsardz\u012bbai. J\u0101s\u0101k saprast demokr\u0101tijas idejas un j\u0101s\u0101k izmantot demokr\u0101tijas\ndot\u0101s iesp\u0113jas sevi aizst\u0101v\u0113t. Daudz vair\u0101k j\u0101izmanto iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju\npa\u0161organiz\u0101cija dro\u0161\u012bbas palielin\u0101\u0161anai, iesaistot zemessardzi un jaunsardzi.\nJ\u0101veido kaimi\u0146u sadarb\u012bba dro\u0161\u012bbas un da\u017e\u0101du sadz\u012bves probl\u0113mu\nrisin\u0101\u0161anai, balstoties br\u0101l\u012bbas, solidarit\u0101tes un taisn\u012bguma principos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ilgt)sp\u0113ja<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Demokr\u0101tija\nk\u0101 tautas gribas izpausme var realiz\u0113ties tikai tad, ja \u0161ai tautas gribai ir\niesp\u0113ja izveidoties un nep\u0101rtraukti atjaunoties un izpausties. J\u0101b\u016bt\niesp\u0113jai un vajadz\u012bbai atsevi\u0161\u0137iem indiv\u012bdiem apmain\u012bties ar inform\u0101ciju,\nviedok\u013ciem, veidot saska\u0146otu atbildi uz apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101m izmai\u0146\u0101m un pa\u0161iem gatavot\nvienotu, saska\u0146otu r\u012bc\u012bbu, negaidot apk\u0101rtnes \u201cuzbrukumus\u201d, apsteidzo\u0161i\nveidojot savu k\u0101 grupas r\u012bc\u012bbu. Cilv\u0113ces evol\u016bcijas gait\u0101 izdz\u012bvoja tie, t\u0101s\ngrupas, etnosi, kam lab\u0101k, efekt\u012bv\u0101k izdev\u0101s ar valodas, uzved\u012bbas normu un\nideolo\u0123ijas pal\u012bdz\u012bbu apvienoties kop\u012bgai, t\u0101lredz\u012bgai, veiksm\u012bgai,\nilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgai r\u012bc\u012bbai. (Te atkal par\u0101d\u0101s ideolo\u0123ijas iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161\u0101 loma!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tautai\n(etnosam, valstij, civiliz\u0101cijai) vienot\u012bbas veido\u0161anai vajadz\u012bgs kop\u012bgs\nm\u0113r\u0137is, kop\u012bgs priek\u0161stats par n\u0101kotni, vienota misija, n\u0101kotnes\nv\u012bzija<\/em><\/strong> (br\u012bv\u012bba, neatkar\u012bba, \u201catjauno\u0161an\u0101s\u201d, iek\u013cau\u0161an\u0101s (vai\n\u201catkal\u201d iek\u013cau\u0161an\u0101s) l\u012bdz\u012bgo saim\u0113, \u201ccie\u0146as\u201d ieg\u016b\u0161ana (vai \u201catjauno\u0161ana\u201d),\ntaisn\u012bguma (\u201ctiesiskuma\u201d) iedibin\u0101\u0161ana utml.). M\u0113r\u0137i (v\u012bziju, ide\u0101lu) formul\u0113\n\u201cgudrie\u201d, elite (gar\u012bgie vado\u0146i, ide\u0101listi, dziesminieki, dzejnieki (Rainis,\nA.Pumpurs, I.Ziedonis, …)), uz m\u0113r\u0137i ce\u013cu r\u0101da varo\u0146i<\/em><\/strong>,\nvaldnieki, karavado\u0146i, valstsv\u012bri (Namejs, Kr.Valdem\u0101rs, J.\u010cakste, …). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Elitei,\nvado\u0146iem j\u0101sp\u0113j formul\u0113t  p\u0101rmai\u0146u\nvirzienu, m\u0113r\u0137us, kuri atbilst p\u0101rmai\u0146u iesp\u0113j\u0101m (pret\u0113j\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 sekot\u0101ju neb\u016bs).\nVado\u0146iem (varo\u0146iem, pasion\u0101rijiem) pa\u0161iem j\u0101notic sav\u0101m idej\u0101m, lai\n\u201caizrautu\u201d sekot\u0101jus. (\u0160\u0101ds \u201cp\u016b\u013ca\u201d darb\u012bbas modelis ir ilgaj\u0101 cilv\u0113ces\nevol\u016bcij\u0101 izveidots kop\u012bgas efekt\u012bvas darb\u012bbas, vienot\u012bbas rad\u012b\u0161anai.) No\nvado\u0146a (varo\u0146a), kur\u0161 sp\u0113jis atrast un skaidri izteikt p\u0101rmai\u0146u iesp\u0113jas,\nm\u0113r\u0137i, \u201cj\u0113gu\u201d tautas dz\u012bvei, savuk\u0101rt t\u0101l\u0101k stipri atkar\u012bga konkr\u0113to notikumu\ngaita \u2013 veiksmes, novirzes, k\u013c\u016bdas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juris Dzelme<\/em>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u012bga, 20.01.20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101 izmantot demokr\u0101tiju?  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(V\u0101rda un sapul\u010du br\u012bv\u012bba<\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(No)mai\u0146a<\/em><\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Demokr\u0101tija\ndod visvair\u0101k iesp\u0113ju main\u012bt varas strukt\u016bru, piem\u0113rojoties apst\u0101k\u013ciem, bet ne\nvienm\u0113r iesp\u0113jas izdodas izmantot. Jo vair\u0101k sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 uzkr\u0101ts zin\u0101\u0161anu, jo\nviegl\u0101k izdodas atrast piem\u0113rotu variantu varas realiz\u0101cijai un viegl\u0101k to\nlaikus nomain\u012bt, mainoties apst\u0101k\u013ciem. Tie\u0161i savas elast\u012bbas, sp\u0113jas m\u0101c\u012bties\nun main\u012bties d\u0113\u013c demokr\u0101tija, neskatoties uz vis\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, ir vislab\u0101k\u0101 no\nvaras \u012bsteno\u0161anas form\u0101m. (\u0160eit sl\u0113pjas iesp\u0113ja saprast V.\u010cer\u010dila apgalvojumu:\n\u201cDemokr\u0101tija ir visslikt\u0101k\u0101 no vis\u0101m p\u0101rvaldes form\u0101m \u2013 ja neskaita visas\ncitas formas, kas laiku pa laikam ir izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101tas<\/em>\u201d (no runas 11.11.1947.).)\n(Demokr\u0101tija vienm\u0113r ir nepiln\u012bga, bet visvair\u0101k piem\u0113rota nepiln\u012bbas nov\u0113rst\nbez smagiem satricin\u0101jumiem, bez revol\u016bcij\u0101m un vardarb\u012bbas.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Optim\u0101lu\nsist\u0113mas st\u0101vokli gan dab\u0101, gan daudz\u0101s tehnisk\u0101s sist\u0113m\u0101s vislab\u0101k nodro\u0161ina\nsv\u0101rst\u012bbas ap aptuveno l\u012bdzsvaru. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 cilv\u0113kam main\u0101s akt\u012bva darb\u012bba,\natbild\u012bga r\u012bc\u012bba dien\u0101 ar miegu, sastingumu un sap\u0146iem nakt\u012b, sabiedr\u012bbai\nakt\u012bva sacens\u012bba, da\u017e\u0101du grupu konkurence main\u0101s ar stabilit\u0101ti, stagn\u0101ciju,\nkuras laik\u0101 bie\u017ei rodas iesp\u0113ja (pirmk\u0101rt, da\u017e\u0101m privili\u0123\u0113t\u0101m grup\u0101m)\nnodarboties ar m\u016bziku, m\u0101kslu, zin\u0101tni, \u201csap\u0146iem\u201d, atrast jaunas iesp\u0113jas,\njaunas tehnolo\u0123ijas, kuras \u013cauj p\u0101riet uz jaunu aktivit\u0101tes un izmai\u0146u\nperiodu.  P\u0101rvaldes formas, valsts varas\nstrukt\u016bra periodiski main\u0101s, radot iesp\u0113ju atrast sabiedr\u012bbai piem\u0113rot\u0101ko,\nefekt\u012bv\u0101ko variantu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Neskatoties\nuz demokr\u0101tijas \u012bsteno\u0161anas formu da\u017e\u0101d\u012bbu var izdal\u012bt divus galvenos ar\ndemokr\u0101tijas  \u012bsteno\u0161anu saist\u012btos\nnosac\u012bjumus: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Re\u0101la iesp\u0113ja katram, ar\u012b maz\u0101kumam piedero\u0161ajiem, sa\u0146emt\ninform\u0101ciju<\/em>, pietiekamu zin\u0101\u0161anu apjomu par sabiedr\u012bbas kop\u012bgo uzdevumu\nrisin\u0101\u0161anai vajadz\u012bgajiem l\u0113mumiem un vi\u0146u realiz\u0101ciju, lai var\u0113tu kompetenti\nspriest par aktu\u0101lajiem un potenci\u0101li iesp\u0113jamajiem sabiedr\u012bbas uzdevumu\nrisin\u0101jumiem. \u0160\u012b nosac\u012bjuma izpildei nepiecie\u0161ama vismaz: a) pietiekama\nizgl\u012btot\u012bba (\u201cskolas\u201d, izgl\u012bt\u012bbas sist\u0113mas uzdevums izplat\u012bt medijprat\u012bbu\nu.tml.); b) iesp\u0113ja ieg\u016bt aktu\u0101lo inform\u0101cija (\u201cceturt\u0101s\u201d varas (masu mediju),\nsoci\u0101lo t\u012bklu u.t.t. efekt\u012bvas darb\u012bbas uzdevums).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Re\u0101la iesp\u0113ja nep\u0101rtraukti piedal\u012bties\nlem\u0161an\u0101<\/em> (tie\u0161i vai netie\u0161i), ar\u012b da\u017e\u0101du maz\u0101kumu p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem un ar\u012b p\u0113c\nvi\u0146u priek\u0161likumu noraid\u012b\u0161anas. \u0160\u0101das iesp\u0113jas garant\u0113 (kaut gan ne piln\u012bb\u0101)\nvaru dal\u012b\u0161ana (likumdo\u0161anas, izpild un tiesu var\u0101s) un maz\u0101kumu aizsardz\u012bba\npret da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m sankcij\u0101m, pirmk\u0101rt, pret inform\u0101cijas (nepiecie\u0161amas un\npietiekamas situ\u0101cijas atbilsto\u0161ai v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anai) at\u0146em\u0161anu (v\u0101rda br\u012bv\u012bba).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ap)mai\u0146a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Demokr\u0101tija\nvar tikt veiksm\u012bgi izmantota, ja ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta inform\u0101cijas apmai\u0146a starp\nvisiem politisko procesu dal\u012bbniekiem. V\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju sp\u0113ja atpaz\u012bt l\u0113mumu pie\u0146\u0113m\u0113ju\natbilst\u012bbu saviem uzdevumiem un izv\u0113l\u0113to p\u0101rst\u0101vju sp\u0113ja lemt atbilsto\u0161i\nsitu\u0101cijai un vajadz\u012bb\u0101m var veidoties kop\u0113j\u0101, praktisk\u0101 da\u017e\u0101du aktu\u0101lu\nuzdevumu risin\u0101\u0161anas proces\u0101. Jo vair\u0101k da\u017e\u0101du savstarp\u0113ju sai\u0161u, kontaktu,\nkop\u0113ju intere\u0161u ir grup\u0101 (kolekt\u012bv\u0101), kura veido savu p\u0101rvaldi, jo viegl\u0101k\nveikt p\u0101rst\u0101vju izv\u0113li. J\u0101nodro\u0161ina ikdienas uzdevumu kop\u0113jas apsprie\u0161anas un\nrisin\u0101jumu saska\u0146o\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas, gan m\u0101kslas, gan zin\u0101tnes, gan soci\u0101laj\u0101, gan\ntautsaimniec\u012bbas jom\u0101s. Jo vair\u0101k da\u017e\u0101du probl\u0113mu grupai ir iesp\u0113ja kop\u012bgi\napspriest, jo viegl\u0101k iedibin\u0101t grupas interes\u0113m atbilsto\u0161u k\u0101rt\u012bbu un  \u012bstenot \np\u0101rst\u0101vju izv\u0113li. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Kontaktu\nveido\u0161ana un uztur\u0113\u0161ana iesp\u0113jama tr\u012bs <\/em>galvenajos veidos.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Pirm\u0101<\/em>\niesp\u0113ja. Tie\u0161i, ikdieni\u0161\u0137i kontakti, kurus uztur, no vienas puses – politisku\nl\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu neliel\u0101s, bie\u017ei kontakt\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s draugu un pazi\u0146u grup\u0101s un, no\nt\u0101 izrieto\u0161i \u2013 no otras puses vajadz\u012bgo tie\u0161o kontaktu, sadarb\u012bbas un\ndraudz\u012bbas \u201cdab\u012bgas\u201d veido\u0161an\u0101s iesp\u0113ju nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana, saimniecisku, kult\u016bras,\n\u201cideolo\u0123isku\u201d, m\u0101ksliniecisku utml. pas\u0101kumu ietvaros. \u0160\u0101da iesp\u0113ja ir neliel\u0101m\n(l\u012bdz aptuveni 300 cilv\u0113ku) grup\u0101m, kur\u0101m ir ties\u012bbas uz pa\u0161p\u0101rvaldi (kaut vai\nierobe\u017eotu) un kop\u0113ja \u201cdz\u012bve\u201d, ielikta da\u013c\u0113ji form\u0101los, da\u013c\u0113ji br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgos\n\u201cr\u0101mjos\u201d (kooperat\u012bvs, artelis (ar\u012b kolhozs vai kibuci), koris, or\u0137estris,\ndraudze utt.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Otr\u0101<\/em>\niesp\u0113ja  – rad\u012bt ieinteres\u0113t\u012bbu v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ja\nun vi\u0146a p\u0101rst\u0101vja (ikdien\u0101 viens no otra att\u0101lin\u0101tiem) regul\u0101riem,\n\u201cspeci\u0101liem\u201d kontaktiem, nodro\u0161inot: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1)p\u0101rst\u0101vim iesp\u0113ju izpild\u012bt \u201csapr\u0101t\u012bgas\u201d v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ja\nperson\u012bgas v\u0113lmes, \u201cpas\u016bt\u012bjumus\u201d (tai skait\u0101 izmantojot p\u0101rst\u0101vja tie\u0161\u0101 r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101\neso\u0161as resursu (finansi\u0101lu, materi\u0101lo, inform\u0101cijas) \u201ckvotas\u201d); <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101jam iesp\u0113jas \u0113rti kontakt\u0113ties ar savu\np\u0101rst\u0101vi un izteikt savas v\u0113lmes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tre\u0161\u0101<\/em>\niesp\u0113ja ir indiv\u012bda (v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ja) netie\u0161a saist\u012bba ar savu p\u0101rst\u0101vi caur kop\u012bgu\ndraugu, radinieku, domu un tic\u012bbas biedru loku, papla\u0161in\u0101ti izmantojot vienu\nvai abus pirmos variantus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(At)sauk\u0161ana<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Ma\u017eorit\u0101ras  v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anas<\/em><\/strong>, kop\u0101 ar v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju ties\u012bb\u0101m\npiepras\u012bt iev\u0113l\u0113to p\u0101rst\u0101vju atskaites un v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju ties\u012bb\u0101m operat\u012bvi nomain\u012bt\nsavu p\u0101rst\u0101vi (neapmierino\u0161as atskaites gad\u012bjum\u0101), ir viena no re\u0101laj\u0101m un\npraktiski visviegl\u0101k realiz\u0113jam\u0101 organizatorisk\u0101 (\u201ctehnisk\u0101\u201d) iesp\u0113ja veidot\np\u0101rst\u0101vju atbild\u012bbu un v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju uztic\u012bbu (ar darbiem apstiprin\u0101tu, \u201cpeln\u012btu\u201d!)\nsaviem p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem. V\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu proced\u016bras izmai\u0146\u0101m j\u0101rada katra politi\u0137a konkr\u0113tu\n<\/em>atbild\u012bbu savu v\u0113l\u0113t\u0101ju priek\u0161\u0101, vispirms pa\u0161vald\u012bb\u0101s, kop\u0101 ar\npa\u0161vald\u012bbu pilnvaru un atbild\u012bbas b\u016btisku palielin\u0101\u0161anu.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            J\u0101atbalsta\nvisi iesp\u0113jamie so\u013ci ma\u017eorit\u0101ru v\u0113l\u0113\u0161anu un \niev\u0113l\u0113to p\u0101rst\u0101vju atbild\u012bbas palielin\u0101\u0161anas virzien\u0101. T\u0101di var\u0113tu b\u016bt: <\/p>\n\n\n\n